Romani
Romani is documented on Dialect Atlas across 16 dialects, including Arli, Caló, Crimean Romani.
Dialects of Romani
- ArliBalkanin romanin muoto, jota puhutaan laajalti Pohjois-Makedoniassa, Kosovossa, Etelä-Serbiassa ja Bulgariassa.
- CalóIberian Romani · Zincaló · Caló RomaniThe Iberian para-Romani variety spoken by the Calé (Gitanos) of Spain and, in related forms, Portugal and southern France. A Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in a Castilian (or Catalan/Portuguese) grammatical frame; the older inflected Iberian Romani is no longer spoken. Caló vocabulary has left a marked imprint on Andalusian Spanish and flamenco.
- Crimean RomaniKrymitika Roma · Crimean RomaA Balkan Romani variety spoken by Roma communities of the Crimean peninsula and the northern Black Sea coast, marked by heavy contact influence from Crimean Tatar and other Turkic languages in both lexicon and phonology.
- Finnish KaloKaale · Finnish Kaale · Fíntiko RómmaA Northern Romani variety spoken by the Finnish Kale in Finland and, through twentieth-century migration, in Sweden. It shows heavy structural and phonological influence from Finnish, including consonant gradation, and is one of the most distinctive Northern Romani dialects. Intergenerational transmission has weakened markedly.
- GurbetiBalkanin romanin muoto, jolla on yhteisöjä Bosniassa, Serbiassa ja naapurimaissa.
- KalderašVlach-romanin muoto, jolla on pitkä historia Romaniassa ja Balkanilla. Yhdistettiin perinteisesti kuparisepänammattiin.
- LovariVlach-romanin muoto, jossa on voimakas unkarin ja slaavilaisten kielten vaikutus. Puhutaan Keski-Euroopassa.
- Puolan-baltian romaniPolska Roma · Xaladitka RomaPohjoinen romanin muoto, jonka historiallinen pesäkealue on Puolassa ja Itämeren alueella; muotoutunut pitkän slaavilaisten ja balttilaisten kielten vaikutuksen kautta.
- RomanichalAngloromani · British Romani · Pogadi ChibThe Romani variety of the Romanichal Travellers of England and the wider British Isles. The older inflected dialect is no longer spoken; it survives as Angloromani, a para-Romani register in which a substantial Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in an English grammatical frame. Diaspora communities exist in North America and Australia.
- Ruska RomaRussian Romani · North Russian Romani · Xaladitka RomaA Northern Romani variety spoken by the Ruska Roma across Russia and Ukraine, shaped by long and intensive contact with Russian. It was the basis of a short-lived literary standard developed in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s and remains one of the more vital Northern Romani dialects.
- ScandoromaniTavringer Romani · Traveller Romani · RommaniA para-Romani variety spoken by Traveller communities in Sweden and Norway, combining a Romani-derived lexicon with a Scandinavian grammatical frame. It descends from the speech of Romani groups present in the region since the sixteenth century and survives today largely as an in-group vocabulary register.
- Sinti-ManoucheSinti · Manush · SintéLuoteinen romanesin muoto, jota puhuvat sinti- ja manouche-yhteisöt Saksassa, Ranskassa, Beneluxissa ja Pohjois-Italiassa. Muotoutunut pitkän germaanisten ja romaanisten kielten vaikutuksen myötä.
- Slovakian romaniCentral Slovak Romani · Servika RomaKeski-Euroopan romanesin muoto, jota puhuvat Slovakian romaniyhteisöt; sanasto on saanut voimakkaita kontaktivaikutteita slovakista, unkarista ja naapurikielistä.
- UrsariUrsaritska · RićhinariA Balkan Romani variety spoken in Romania and Moldova, traditionally associated with the Ursari, the Roma groups historically known as bear-leaders. It is grouped with the Balkan dialects rather than the surrounding Vlax varieties and shows substantial Romanian contact influence.
- Welsh RomaniKååle · Welsh KaleThe inflected Northern Romani variety historically spoken by the Kååle of Wales. It was extensively documented by John Sampson in the early twentieth century and is now extinct as a first language, the last fluent speakers having died in the mid-twentieth century. It is notable as the last conservatively inflected Romani dialect attested in Britain.
- ZargariZargari Romani · Zargari Romanes · Zargar RomaniVakavasti uhanalainen romanin muoto, jota puhutaan Zargarin kylässä ja sen ympäristössä Iranin luoteisosan Qazvinin maakunnassa, Teheranin länsipuolella. Yhteisön kerrotaan perinteisesti asettuneen alueelle Safavidien aikaan ja muodostavan yhden itäisimmistä kirjattujen romaninkielisten väestöjen joukosta; murre säilyttää romanin sanastoytimen, mutta osoittaa voimakasta kontaktivaikutusta persiasta ja azerbaidžaninturkista fonologiassa, sanastossa ja kieliopissa. Puhujamäärä on pieni ja sukupolvien välinen siirtyminen on jyrkästi heikentynyt.
Common comparisons
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