Romani
Romani is documented on Dialect Atlas across 16 dialects, including Arli, Caló, Crimean Romani.
Dialects of Romani
- ArliEen Balkan-Romani-variëteit, breed gesproken in Noord-Macedonië, Kosovo, het zuiden van Servië en Bulgarije.
- CalóIberian Romani · Zincaló · Caló RomaniThe Iberian para-Romani variety spoken by the Calé (Gitanos) of Spain and, in related forms, Portugal and southern France. A Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in a Castilian (or Catalan/Portuguese) grammatical frame; the older inflected Iberian Romani is no longer spoken. Caló vocabulary has left a marked imprint on Andalusian Spanish and flamenco.
- Crimean RomaniKrymitika Roma · Crimean RomaA Balkan Romani variety spoken by Roma communities of the Crimean peninsula and the northern Black Sea coast, marked by heavy contact influence from Crimean Tatar and other Turkic languages in both lexicon and phonology.
- Finnish KaloKaale · Finnish Kaale · Fíntiko RómmaA Northern Romani variety spoken by the Finnish Kale in Finland and, through twentieth-century migration, in Sweden. It shows heavy structural and phonological influence from Finnish, including consonant gradation, and is one of the most distinctive Northern Romani dialects. Intergenerational transmission has weakened markedly.
- GurbetiEen Balkan-Romani-variëteit met gemeenschappen in Bosnië, Servië en omringende landen.
- KalderašEen Vlach-Romani-variëteit met een lange geschiedenis in Roemenië en de Balkan. Traditioneel verbonden met het kopersmidsambacht.
- LovariEen Vlach-Romani-variëteit met sterke Hongaarse en Slavische invloed. Gesproken in Centraal-Europa.
- Pools-Baltisch RomaniPolska Roma · Xaladitka RomaEen noordelijke Romani-variëteit historisch geworteld in Polen en de Baltische regio, gevormd door langdurig contact met Slavische en Baltische talen.
- RomanichalAngloromani · British Romani · Pogadi ChibThe Romani variety of the Romanichal Travellers of England and the wider British Isles. The older inflected dialect is no longer spoken; it survives as Angloromani, a para-Romani register in which a substantial Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in an English grammatical frame. Diaspora communities exist in North America and Australia.
- Ruska RomaRussian Romani · North Russian Romani · Xaladitka RomaA Northern Romani variety spoken by the Ruska Roma across Russia and Ukraine, shaped by long and intensive contact with Russian. It was the basis of a short-lived literary standard developed in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s and remains one of the more vital Northern Romani dialects.
- ScandoromaniTavringer Romani · Traveller Romani · RommaniA para-Romani variety spoken by Traveller communities in Sweden and Norway, combining a Romani-derived lexicon with a Scandinavian grammatical frame. It descends from the speech of Romani groups present in the region since the sixteenth century and survives today largely as an in-group vocabulary register.
- Sinti-ManoucheSinti · Manush · SintéEen noordwestelijke Romanes-variëteit, gesproken door Sinti- en Manouche-gemeenschappen in Duitsland, Frankrijk, de Benelux en het noorden van Italië. Gevormd door langdurig contact met Germaanse en Romaanse talen.
- Slowaaks RomaniCentral Slovak Romani · Servika RomaEen Centraal-Europese Romanes-variëteit, gesproken door Romanes-gemeenschappen in Slowakije, met een sterk contactbepaalde woordenschat uit het Slowaaks, Hongaars en aangrenzende talen.
- UrsariUrsaritska · RićhinariA Balkan Romani variety spoken in Romania and Moldova, traditionally associated with the Ursari, the Roma groups historically known as bear-leaders. It is grouped with the Balkan dialects rather than the surrounding Vlax varieties and shows substantial Romanian contact influence.
- Welsh RomaniKååle · Welsh KaleThe inflected Northern Romani variety historically spoken by the Kååle of Wales. It was extensively documented by John Sampson in the early twentieth century and is now extinct as a first language, the last fluent speakers having died in the mid-twentieth century. It is notable as the last conservatively inflected Romani dialect attested in Britain.
- ZargariZargari Romani · Zargari Romanes · Zargar RomaniEen ernstig bedreigde Romani-variëteit, gesproken in en rond het dorp Zargar in de provincie Qazvin in het noordwesten van Iran, ten westen van Teheran. De gemeenschap zou volgens overlevering in de Safawiedische periode zijn gevestigd en vormt een van de oostelijkste gedocumenteerde Romanisprekende populaties; het dialect behoudt een lexicale Romani-kern, maar vertoont sterke contactinvloed van het Perzisch en het Azerbeidzjaans-Turks in fonologie, woordenschat en grammatica. Het aantal sprekers is klein en de overdracht tussen generaties is sterk verzwakt.
Common comparisons
All comparisons →