Parlé en Irak et dans certaines parties de l'est de la Syrie et du sud-ouest de l'Iran. Porte une forte influence araméenne et turque et se divise en interne en variétés gilit (sud) et qeltu (nord).
The codified supra-regional standard used across the Arab world in education, media, literature, and formal speech. Derived from Classical Arabic, it has no native speakers and no single regional home — it is acquired as a formal register layered above the spoken vernaculars. Cairo, as the historical center of Arabic publishing, broadcasting, and scholarship, serves as its conventional locus.