Gesprochen im Irak und in Teilen Ostsyriens und des Südwestirans. Trägt starken aramäischen und turksprachigen Einfluss und teilt sich intern in Gilit-Varietäten (Süden) und Qeltu-Varietäten (Norden).
The codified supra-regional standard used across the Arab world in education, media, literature, and formal speech. Derived from Classical Arabic, it has no native speakers and no single regional home — it is acquired as a formal register layered above the spoken vernaculars. Cairo, as the historical center of Arabic publishing, broadcasting, and scholarship, serves as its conventional locus.