Dialektet e rrezikuara

Aka-Bo

gjithashtu: Bo

A North Great Andamanese language originally of northern Great Andaman, whose surviving speakers were resettled on Strait Island. Died with Boa Sr in 2010; her speech and songs were recorded by Anvita Abbi in the Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese project.

Dalmatian

gjithashtu: Dalmatic, Vegliote

An extinct Romance language of the eastern Adriatic coast, intermediate between Italo-Romance and Eastern Romance. Its last dialect, Vegliote of the island of Krk, died with Tuone Udaina in 1898, a year after Matteo Bartoli recorded around 2,800 words from him.

Eyak

The sole non-Athabaskan member of the Athabaskan-Eyak branch of Na-Dené, spoken around the Copper River delta near Cordova, Alaska. Died with Marie Smith Jones in 2008; thoroughly documented by Michael Krauss, whose materials now support a second-language revival.

Mandan

gjithashtu: Nuʼeta

A highly divergent Siouan language of the upper Missouri River, latterly spoken on the Fort Berthold reservation in North Dakota. Died with Edwin Benson in 2016, after Indrek Park's multi-year documentation with him; heritage teaching continues within the MHA Nation.

Old Prussian

gjithashtu: Prussian, Prūsiskan

The only substantially attested West Baltic language, spoken in historical Prussia around the Sambia peninsula — today's Kaliningrad Oblast and north-eastern Poland. Extinct since the early 18th century, after the 1709–1711 plague; attested in three 16th-century catechisms and the Elbing vocabulary, with a modern reconstruction movement.

Sirenik

gjithashtu: Sireniki Yupik, Old Sirenik

A highly divergent Eskaleut language of the village of Sireniki on the southern Chukchi peninsula, mutually unintelligible with its nearest Yupik relatives and sometimes treated as a third Eskimo branch. Died with its last speaker in 1997; the community now speaks Central Siberian Yupik and Russian.

Tehuelche

gjithashtu: Aonekko ʼaʼien, Aonikenk

The last spoken Chonan language, of the Patagonian steppe in Santa Cruz province, southern Argentina. Died with Dora Manchado in 2019, taking the Chonan family with it as a living lineage; recorded in her final years by Javier Domingo, building on Ana Fernández Garay's documentation.

Ubykh

gjithashtu: Pekhi

A Northwest Caucasian language of the Black Sea coast around present-day Sochi, carried to Anatolia in the 1864 deportation. Famous for one of the largest consonant inventories ever recorded — around eighty consonants against two phonemic vowels. Died with its last speaker, Tevfik Esenç, in 1992; extensively documented by Georges Dumézil.

Welsh Romani

gjithashtu: Kååle, Welsh Kale

The inflected Northern Romani variety historically spoken by the Kååle of Wales. It was extensively documented by John Sampson in the early twentieth century and is now extinct as a first language, the last fluent speakers having died in the mid-twentieth century. It is notable as the last conservatively inflected Romani dialect attested in Britain.

Yagán

gjithashtu: Yámana, Yágankuta

A language isolate of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, around the Beagle Channel and Navarino Island. Source of the famously untranslatable word mamihlapinatapai; recorded in a 32,000-word missionary dictionary by Thomas Bridges. Died with Cristina Calderón in 2022; heritage revival continues at Puerto Williams.

ǀXam

gjithashtu: Cape Bushman

A !Ui (Tuu) click language of the Upper Karoo in the Northern Cape, extinct since the 1910s. Survives in the vast Bleek and Lloyd archive of the 1870s and in South Africa's national motto, !ke e: ǀxarra ǁke — "diverse people unite".

Ainu

Një gjuhë izolate e popullit indigjen Ainu të Hokkaidosë dhe historikisht e Sakalinit dhe Ishujve Kuril. Kritikisht e rrezikuar me vetëm disa folës amëtarë; objekt i një përpjekjeje aktive ringjallëse.

Cappadocian Greek

Greqishtja e Anadollit të brendshëm, e izoluar për shekuj para shkëmbimit të popullsisë të vitit 1923 që solli folësit e saj në Greqi. Shumë e ndikuar nga Turqishtja; dikur mendohej e zhdukur, por u rihap në Greqinë Qendrore në vitet 2000.

Chickasaw

gjithashtu: Chikashshanompa

Një gjuhë muskogiane e Kombit Chickasaw të Oklahomës. E lidhur ngushtë me çoktaunën; kritikisht e rrezikuar me ringjallje aktive nëpërmjet Departamentit të Gjuhës të Kombit Chickasaw.

Crimean Tatar

gjithashtu: Qırımtatarca

Gjuhë e përzier Turkic e gadishës Krime, zbritur nga kontakt midis varieteteve Kipchak dhe Oghuz. Kritikisht e endagjeruar pas deportimit Sovjet të 1944; temë e përpjekjeve aktive të rivitalizimit.

Great Andamanese

gjithashtu: Present-day Great Andamanese, Jeru

A koine of the four North Great Andamanese languages, with a grammar based mainly on Jeru, spoken on Strait Island in the Andaman archipelago. Around three elderly speakers remain of one of the world's primary language families, notable for a grammatical system in which nouns and verbs are obligatorily marked with body-part-based prefixes.

Itelmen

gjithashtu: Western Kamchadal

The sole surviving language of the Kamchatkan branch of Chukotko-Kamchatkan, spoken in villages along the western coast of Kamchatka such as Kovran. Only a few elderly fluent speakers remain; known for extremely complex consonant clusters, and structurally so divergent from Chukchi-Koryak that its place in the family is debated.

Jeju

gjithashtu: Jejueo

Varievet i ishullit Jeju, shpesh klasifikuar si gjuhë e veçantë Koreanic. Mbart karakteristika arkaike të humbura në kontinentin dhe është kritikisht e endagjeruar.

Kawésqar

gjithashtu: Qawasqar, Alacalufe

The last surviving Alacalufan language, spoken at Puerto Edén on Wellington Island in the fjords of Chilean Patagonia. The language of the last nomadic canoe peoples of the southern channels; fewer than ten fluent speakers remain.

Ket

Gjuha e fundit e gjallë jenisiane, e folur përgjatë Jeniseit të mesëm në Siberinë qendrore. Rreth 200 folës të moshuar; e lidhur kohët e fundit me familjen Na-Dené të Amerikës Veriore në hipotezën e diskutueshme Dene-Jenisiane.

Koryo-mar

gjithashtu: Koryo-mal, Koryo-saram Korean

Varievet i korezeshtes të Koryo-saram, zbritur nga komunitete të dëbuara nga Lindja të Largët Rusin në 1937 në Azinë Qendrore. Dialekt i nxjerrë Hamgyŏng me ndikime të forta Ruse, tani kritikisht e endagjeruar.

Kusunda

gjithashtu: Ban Raja

A language isolate of mid-western Nepal, historically spoken by forest-dwelling hunter-gatherers of the Dang valley and southern Rolpa. One fully fluent speaker remains; the language has no words for yes or no, expressing polarity through verb modification instead. Community revitalisation classes are ongoing.

Livonian

gjithashtu: Līvõ kēļ, Liv

A Finnic Uralic language of the Livonian Coast of Courland, Latvia. The last fluent native speaker died in 2013, but an active revival sustains a small community of second-language speakers, supported by the University of Latvia Livonian Institute. Notable for its stød-like broken tone, rare among Uralic languages.

Lower Sorbian

gjithashtu: Dolnoserbski, Niedersorbisch, Wendish

Gjuhë sllave perëndimore e folur nga minoriteti sorb i Luzacisë së Poshtme në Brandenburg, me qendër në Cottbus (Chóśebuz). Rrezikuar rëndë me zhdukje, me përpjekje ringjallëse në shkolla dygjuhëshe dhe programin Witaj.

Lushootseed

gjithashtu: Puget Salish

Një gjuhë salisane e popullatave Coast Salish rreth Puget Sound në Uashingtonin perëndimor. Kritikisht e rrezikuar; objekt i ringjalljes aktive nëpërmjet fiseve Tulalip dhe Muckleshoot.

Manchu

Gjuhë tunguze dhe gjuha historike e oborrit të dinastisë Qing (1644-1912); tani në rrezik kritik zhdukjeje, me vetëm disa folës amëtarë në Heilongjiang.

Miyakoan

gjithashtu: Miyako, Miyako Ryukyuan, Miyako language

A Southern Ryukyuan Japonic language of the Miyako Islands in Okinawa Prefecture. Not mutually intelligible with Standard Japanese; preserves distinctive Ryukyuan phonology and is severely threatened by shift to Japanese.

Munsee

gjithashtu: Munsee Delaware, Lunaape

An Eastern Algonquian language of the Lenape (Delaware), originally spoken around the lower Hudson, including present-day New York City. The last native-speaker community is the Delaware Nation at Moraviantown in south-western Ontario, where a single elderly first-language speaker was reported in the 2020s alongside a growing circle of second-language learners.

Nivkh

gjithashtu: Gilyak

Një gjuhë izolate e Sakalinit dhe basenit të poshtëm të Amurit në Rusi. Kritikisht e rrezikuar; një nga pak gjuhët paleo-siberiane pa të afërm të vërtetuar.

Nǀuu

gjithashtu: Nǁng, ǂKhomani

The last surviving language of the !Ui branch of the Tuu family, spoken in the southern Kalahari around Upington in the Northern Cape. One fluent native speaker remains, who runs a community language school; the language has one of the largest consonant inventories ever recorded, including dozens of click consonants.

Tsakonian

gjithashtu: Tsakonika

I vetmi pasardhës i gjallë i Greqishtes Dorike antike, i folur në disa fshatra të Peloponezit rreth Leonidiosit. Shumë i rrezikuar; strukturalisht i dallueshëm nga të gjitha varietetet e tjera greke, të cilat rrjedhin nga Atiko-Jonike.

Yaghnobi

gjithashtu: Yagnobi

Gjuhë iraniane lindore e luginës Yaghnob në Taxhikistan, përfaqësuesja e vetme e gjallë e Sogdianit, gjuhës franca të Rrugës së Mëndafshit mesjetare, në rrezik kritik.

Yuchi

gjithashtu: Euchee, Tsoyaha

A language isolate of north-eastern Oklahoma, around Sapulpa within the Muscogee Nation, originally spoken in the south-eastern United States before removal. At most a handful of elderly native speakers remain; the Yuchi immersion school is again raising children with the language.

Zargari

gjithashtu: Zargari Romani, Zargari Romanes, Zargar Romani

Varietet Romani në rrezik kritik i folur në dhe rreth fshatit Zargar në provincën Qazvin të Iranit veriperëndimor, me rreth dy milionë folës, këtë komunitet tradicionalisht thuhet të jetë vendosur në periudhën Safavide.

Caló

gjithashtu: Iberian Romani, Zincaló, Caló Romani

The Iberian para-Romani variety spoken by the Calé (Gitanos) of Spain and, in related forms, Portugal and southern France. A Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in a Castilian (or Catalan/Portuguese) grammatical frame; the older inflected Iberian Romani is no longer spoken. Caló vocabulary has left a marked imprint on Andalusian Spanish and flamenco.

Finnish Kalo

gjithashtu: Kaale, Finnish Kaale, Fíntiko Rómma

A Northern Romani variety spoken by the Finnish Kale in Finland and, through twentieth-century migration, in Sweden. It shows heavy structural and phonological influence from Finnish, including consonant gradation, and is one of the most distinctive Northern Romani dialects. Intergenerational transmission has weakened markedly.

Jerusalem Domari

gjithashtu: Domari of Jerusalem, Nawari

Varietet i domares me dokumentimin më të plotë, i folur nga komuniteti dom i Qytetit të Vjetër të Jeruzalemit. Rrezikuar seriozisht, me vetëm disa qindra folës të rrjedhshëm; varieteti referencë në Matras (2012), A Grammar of Domari.

Manx

gjithashtu: Gaelg

Gjuhë keltike goidele e Ishullit të Manit; e zhdukur funksionalisht në vitin 1974 me vdekjen e folësit të fundit amëtar, e ringjallur nëpërmjet arsimit dhe tani e folur si gjuhë e dytë nga qindra persona.

Romanichal

gjithashtu: Angloromani, British Romani, Pogadi Chib

The Romani variety of the Romanichal Travellers of England and the wider British Isles. The older inflected dialect is no longer spoken; it survives as Angloromani, a para-Romani register in which a substantial Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in an English grammatical frame. Diaspora communities exist in North America and Australia.

Scandoromani

gjithashtu: Tavringer Romani, Traveller Romani, Rommani

A para-Romani variety spoken by Traveller communities in Sweden and Norway, combining a Romani-derived lexicon with a Scandinavian grammatical frame. It descends from the speech of Romani groups present in the region since the sixteenth century and survives today largely as an in-group vocabulary register.

Seke

gjithashtu: Tangbe

A Tamangic (Tibeto-Burman) language of five villages in Upper Mustang, Nepal, with roughly 700 speakers worldwide. A sizeable share of the community now lives in New York City, where about half of the diaspora speakers are concentrated in a single Brooklyn apartment building.

Western Neo-Aramaic

gjithashtu: Maaloula Aramaic, Siryon

The only surviving Western Aramaic vernacular, spoken in the Anti-Lebanon villages of Maaloula, Bakhʿa, and Jubbʿadin north of Damascus by both Christian and Muslim communities. Fewer than 10,000 fluent speakers remain after wartime displacement, most of them older adults.

Wymysorys

gjithashtu: Vilamovian, Wymysiöeryś

A West Germanic language spoken only in the town of Wilamowice in southern Poland, descended from medieval German-Flemish settlement. Around 20 elderly native speakers remain, but a youth revitalisation movement has produced a new cohort of fluent younger speakers.

Cajun French

gjithashtu: Louisiana French, Français cadien

Frangjizeshtja e komuniteteve Cajun në jugun e Luizianës, e zbritur nga vendose Acadian të shekullit të 18-të. E endagjeruar, me rivitalizim aktiv përmes CODOFIL dhe programit të imersion të frangjizeshtes në Luizianë.

Crimean Romani

gjithashtu: Krymitika Roma, Crimean Roma

A Balkan Romani variety spoken by Roma communities of the Crimean peninsula and the northern Black Sea coast, marked by heavy contact influence from Crimean Tatar and other Turkic languages in both lexicon and phonology.

Hawrami

Varietet Kurdishe më i vjetër dhe i dallueshëm i folur në xhepcat përgjatë kufirit Iran-Irak, e pasur në tradhe poetike klasike.

Kalmyk

gjithashtu: Kalmyk Oirat, Khalimag

Gjuha e vetme Mongolic e Evropës, folur në Republikën Kalmykia nga zbritje të imigrantëve Oirat të shekullit të 17-të nga Dzungaria. E endagjeruar por zyrtarisht e njohur.

Mariupolitan Greek

gjithashtu: Rumeika, Azov Greek

Greqishtja e rajonit të Mariupolit në Ukrainë, e prejardhur nga komunitetet e risistuara nga Krimea nga Katerina e Madhe në vitin 1778. E rrezikuar; strukturalisht afër Greqishtes Pontike.

Mlabri

gjithashtu: Mrabri, Yumbri

A Khmuic (Austroasiatic) language of formerly nomadic hunter-gatherers in the highlands of Nan and Phrae provinces, northern Thailand, and adjacent Laos. Roughly 100–300 speakers; its numeral system allows only one and two to modify nouns, and it lacks the register contrasts typical of related languages.

Occitan

gjithashtu: Lenga dʼòc, Provençal

Gjuhë romane e jugut të Francës, lugina Aran në Kataloni dhe disa lugina alpine të Italisë; gjuha e trubadurëve mesjetarë, tani e rrezikuar në përdorim të përditshëm.

Scottish Gaelic

gjithashtu: Gàidhlig

Gjuhë keltike goidele e lidhur ngushtë me irlandishten, e folur në Hebridet e Jashtme dhe pjesë të Maleve të Skocisë; rreth 60.000 folës, me revitalizim të qëndrueshëm nëpërmjet arsimit gaelik.

Wakhi

gjithashtu: Wakhi Pamir

Gjuhë iraniane Pamiri e folur përgjatë Korridorit Wakhan ku takohen Afganistani, Taxhikistani, Pakistani, dhe Kina, një nga gjuhët iraniane më arkaike.

Ruska Roma

gjithashtu: Russian Romani, North Russian Romani, Xaladitka Roma

A Northern Romani variety spoken by the Ruska Roma across Russia and Ukraine, shaped by long and intensive contact with Russian. It was the basis of a short-lived literary standard developed in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s and remains one of the more vital Northern Romani dialects.