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Spain

Home to 8 dialects represented on Dialect Atlas, spanning 6 language families.

Romani dialects in Spain

Caló

also: Iberian Romani, Zincaló, Caló Romani

The Iberian para-Romani variety spoken by the Calé (Gitanos) of Spain and, in related forms, Portugal and southern France. A Romani-derived lexicon is embedded in a Castilian (or Catalan/Portuguese) grammatical frame; the older inflected Iberian Romani is no longer spoken. Caló vocabulary has left a marked imprint on Andalusian Spanish and flamenco.

Spanish dialects in Spain

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Castilian Spanish

also: Castellano, Peninsular Spanish

The standard variety of Spain, centred on Madrid and the historical kingdom of Castile. Distinguished from American varieties by the distinción between /θ/ and /s/.

Andalusian Spanish

also: Andaluz

The Spanish of southern Spain, marked by aspiration of /s/, the loss of final consonants, and a strong influence on the formation of Latin American varieties via the Atlantic ports.

Canarian Spanish

also: Canario

The Spanish of the Canary Islands. Linguistically a bridge between Andalusian and Caribbean varieties, with shared seseo and weakened final consonants.

Catalan dialects in Spain

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Catalan

also: Català

A Western Romance language, official in Andorra and co-official across Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community of Spain. Around 10 million speakers, with strong literary tradition since the medieval period.

Galician dialects in Spain

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Galician

also: Galego

A Western Romance language closely related to Portuguese, co-official in Galicia in north-western Spain. The two were a single language as late as the 13th century.

Occitan dialects in Spain

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Occitan

also: Lenga dʼòc, Provençal

A Romance language of southern France, the Aran valley in Catalonia, and a few alpine valleys of Italy. The language of the medieval troubadours; now endangered in everyday use.

Basque dialects in Spain

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Basque

also: Euskara

A language isolate of the western Pyrenees, with no proven relatives anywhere in the world. The only pre-Indo-European language to survive in Western Europe; co-official in the Basque Country and Navarre.