Poland

Polish-Baltic Romani

also: Polska Roma, Xaladitka Roma

A northern Romani variety historically rooted in Poland and the Baltic region, shaped by long contact with Slavic and Baltic languages.

Standard Polish

also: Język polski

The Warsaw-based standard of Polish. The official language of Poland and the largest Slavic language by speakers within the European Union.

Silesian

also: Ślōnskŏ gŏdka

The Slavic variety of Upper Silesia, often classified as a separate language from Polish. Carries strong contact features from German and Czech.

Carpathian Rusyn

also: Rusyn, Ruthenian, Lemko

The East Slavic varieties of the Carpathian highlands across Zakarpattia, eastern Slovakia, and southeastern Poland. Often classified as a separate language; historically grouped with Ukrainian.

Yiddish

A High German language with substantial Hebrew, Aramaic, and Slavic vocabulary, written in the Hebrew alphabet. The historical vernacular of Ashkenazi Jewry; now spoken mainly by Hasidic communities in the United States, Israel, and Western Europe.