Dom communities in Iran, historically referred to by various local names. Academic documentation of their speech is sparse.
Iranian Domari is a dialect of Domari.
Iranian Domari is primarily spoken in Iran.
Iranian Domari is part of the Middle East region on DialectAtlas.
Domari also includes Jerusalem Domari, Levantine Domari, Turkish Domari, Egyptian & Sudanese Domari. Each variety has its own vocabulary, pronunciation, and cultural context.
Domari of Jerusalem · Nawari
The most thoroughly documented Domari variety, spoken by the Dom community of the Old City of Jerusalem. Severely endangered, with only a few hundred fluent speakers; the reference variety in Matras (2012), A Grammar of Domari.
Domari spoken by Dom communities across the wider Levant — the West Bank and Gaza beyond Jerusalem, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Documentation outside Jerusalem is uneven and largely lexical.
Abdal
Dom communities in Türkiye (also known locally as Dom or Abdal), concentrated in southeastern Anatolia, with significant contact influence from Turkish and Kurdish.
Ghagar · Halebi
Dom communities across Egypt and Sudan, sometimes grouped under broader regional labels. Linguistic documentation remains limited.