Sudan

Sudanese Arabic

The Arabic of Sudan, retaining a number of older features lost in other dialects and shaped by long contact with Nubian and other African languages.

Chadian Arabic

also: Shuwa Arabic, Baggara Arabic

Spoken across Chad and adjoining parts of Sudan, north-eastern Nigeria, and northern Cameroon. The main Sahelian Arabic variety, used as a lingua franca well beyond Arab communities.

Beja

also: Bedawi

The northernmost Cushitic language, spoken across the Red Sea hills of Sudan, Eritrea, and Egypt. Sometimes classified as its own North Cushitic branch within the Afroasiatic family.

Nobiin

also: Mahas-Fadicca

A Nile Nubian language spoken along the Nile from southern Egypt into northern Sudan. Heir to Old Nubian, the medieval Christian-era written language of the Nubian kingdoms.

Tigre

also: Xasa

A Semitic Afroasiatic language of the Eritrean lowlands and adjoining eastern Sudan. Around 1 million speakers; closely related to Tigrinya but mutually unintelligible.

Egyptian & Sudanese Domari

also: Ghagar, Halebi

Dom communities across Egypt and Sudan, sometimes grouped under broader regional labels. Linguistic documentation remains limited.